miércoles, 2 de mayo de 2012

Presentación del libro: Hackers y filosofía de la ciberpolítica. Por Diógenes Céspedes




La obra que circula esta tarde en manos de los lectores, titulada Hackers y filosofía de la ciberpolítica (SD: Búho, 2012), es pionera en el país en la amplia temática que abarca, pero cuya especificidad consiste en ofrecer a los lectores un amplio panorama de la cibernética, la Internet, el cibermundo y el ciberespacio, pero al mismo tiempo un análisis de las implicaciones epistemológicas y políticas de estas disciplinas virtuales y de los conceptos que les son propios.Desde los años 80 del siglo pasado hemos asistido a la lectura de artículos de periódicos sobre las computadores y el Internet, pero trabajos esporádicos que se quedaban en la simple información instrumental acerca de cómo sacarle el mejor provecho, sobre las piezas y repuestos, los puntos de venta y los cursillos que ofrecían innumerables centros de educación para que el futuro estudiante aprendiera el manejo de la computadora y el dominio de los sistemas operativos y los programas. En aquellos años 80 del siglo XX, tener una computadora, dominar los sistemas operativos y los programas, era visto como una panacea para el acceso a los empleos en el mundo empresarial y financiero. No se traspasaba este límite.
Pero mi estancia en Nueva York entre 1996 y 1997 y mi encuentro con Andrés Merejo en aquella urbe y el mundo en el cual él estaba metido de cabeza, me hicieron comprender la vastedad de la Internet y las múltiples posibilidades que esta abría a los dueños de computadores en la República Dominicana, usados hasta aquel momento como un instrumento de trabajo que había sustituido a la máquina de escribir.
No, ahora, las miles de oportunidades que abría la Internet a través de la red de redes, es decir, el ciberespacio y el cibermundo, eran infinitas, pero también se abrió la posibilidad de implementar junto a este mundo de la ciencia del conocimiento y la información, una nueva disciplina: la epistemología de este nuevo conocimiento y una nueva ética política de esa actividad propia de un sujeto nuevo que emergía: el sujeto cibernético.A mi regreso a Santo Domingo en 1997, apenas un año después me correspondió el honor de que Osvaldo Santana, a la sazón director del diario El Siglo, me propusiera crear y dirigir un suplemento cultural que apareció el 27 de junio de 1998 con el nombre de Cultura del Siglo. Ese fue el título connotativo que tuvo para mí dicho suplemento, una oportunidad maravillosa de buscar yo mismo los colaboradores del suplemento, con un pago entre 1000 y 1500 pesos por colaboración. Lo jamás visto en los anales de los suplementos culturales en nuestro país.
Cuando comencé la organización del suplemento, unos tres meses antes de su aparición, llamé a Andrés Merejo para que se ocupara de una columna semanal dedicada únicamente a informar y analizar para los lectores de Cultura del Siglo todo lo que estaba ocurriendo a escala mundial en el cibermundo, el ciberespacio, la red de redes, la bibliografía más importante sobre estos temas y los autores que él entendía eran los más críticos y versados en este campo preñado de improvisadores y narcisistas, pero también de ingenuos y oportunistas.Merejo llenó cabalmente su contenido como articulista de estos temas y el libro que ustedes leerán dentro de poco es un corpus minúsculo seleccionado del conjunto de trabajos que publicó en Cultura del Siglo todos los sábados, desde el 27 de junio de 1998 hasta el cierre del suplemento en octubre de 2001.Merejo es, pues, el introductor de una nueva disciplina y un nuevo conocimiento que no existía en la cultura dominicana hasta 1998: la cibernética, el cibermundo y el ciberespacio, su epistemología y su ética política y creador, además, de una nueva categoría social, el sujeto cibernético, el cual ha sido añadido a los 13 tipos de sujetos que Henri Meschonnic enumeró, definió y analizó en su segundo libro publicado en Santo Domingo en 2000 por la Feria del Libro con el título de Crisis del signo. Política del ritmo y teoría del lenguaje.
El aporte de Merejo a la cultura informática y cibernética dominicana ha tenido el doble mérito de la realización de sus estudios sobre estos temas y sobre la astrofísica en los Estados Unidos y su total aclimatación a la especificidad de un país infopobre como lo es la República Dominicana. Y este trabajo de transformación de una práctica que él encontró en su sociedad no hubiese sido posible si Merejo no hubiese hecho una alianza con el discurso teórico de la poética meschonniciana, pues jamás hubiese podido reflexionar acerca de lo que es el sujeto, concepto clave para fundar un discurso crítico del mundo contemporáneo y sus prácticas sociales.
Un libro previo de Merejo titulado La vida americana en el siglo XXI (SD: De Colores, 1998) le sirvió de base y experiencia para acceder a lo empírico de la vida dominicana tanto en el siglo XX como en lo que va del XXI. Pero nuestro autor se ha nutrido también, reconociéndoles los aportes y las fallas, de los grandes intelectuales de ambos siglos, tales como Daniel Bell, Manuel Castells, Alvin y Heidi Toffler, Nocholas Negroponte, Francis Fukuyama, Gilles Lipovetsky, Octavio Paz, Giovanni Sartori, Paul Virilio, Jean Baudrillard, Luis Joyanes,Vivianne Forrester, Peter Drucker, Bill Gates, Michel Foucault, Mark Minasi,  Alain Minc, y otros con quienes dialoga en una obra anterior titulada La República Dominicana en el ciberespacio de la Internet. Ensayo filosófico cibercultural y cibersocial (1995-2007), publicada en la Editora Búho en 2007, así como posteriormente en su tesis doctoral sobre Filosofía en un mundo global defendida en 2011 en la Universidad del País Vasco.
Y ha sabido también Merejo dialogar con los intelectuales dominicanos que han asumido, con o sin crítica epistemológica, el discurso de la cibernética,  la Internet, el cibermundo y el ciberespacio, tales como Leonel Fernández, Andrés L. Mateo, Manuel Núñez, Manuel Matos Moquete, Marcio Veloz Maggiolo, Cándido Gerón, José Rafael Lantigua y quien les dirige la palabra. Estos nativos, y los extranjeros citados en el párrafo anterior, son los interlocutores con quien Merejo dialoga, discute y sitúa las ideologías de los discursos que estos sujetos han producido acerca de los temas ciberespaciales, como se denominó la columna del autor en La Cultura del Siglo.
Esta obra de Andrés Merejo se caracteriza, pues, por el abordaje de los temas filosóficos, epistemológicos y éticos aplicados al funcionamiento del mundo cibernético y ciberespacial en nuestro país. Por esta razón encontraremos puntos de vista críticos acerca de la era cibernética y las zonas grises dominicanas, un debate sobre la diáspora dominicana y su pertenencia a nuestra “nación”, una discusión sobre Fukuyama y su discurso teleológico del fin de la historia, las razones por las cuales nuestro país forma parte de la sociedad de la información, el espionaje electrónico en nuestros procesos electorales con sus ejemplos al canto, el tema de nuestros políticos virtuales, la ética del informático, las consecuencias del navegar por la red de redes sin objetivo específico, los diferentes tipos de hackers, cómo se han creado los virus informáticos más peligrosos y los efectos que han producido, las consecuencias de las luchas comerciales entre los gigantes de la Internet como Bill Gates y Steve Jobs y otros empresarios informáticos, así como la posición del gobierno norteamericano en el conflicto y, finalmente, cómo la creación de la triple doble uve (WWW) ha atenuado los efectos devastadores de los virus informáticos.No entro en los detalles y las respuestas a la discusión de estos temas trabajados por Andrés Merejo para no contarles la película completa y dejar así que sean ustedes mismos, cuando lean la obra, quienes descubran el pensamiento del autor y su obra.




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